"Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. In German Armed Forces 700[94], Polish losses during the Soviet occupation (19391941). Who killed the most people in ww2? By 1940, 48,773 were purged - 90 percent of its generals, 80 percent of its colonels, and half of its core commanders - leaving the army with unskilled officers, few trained leaders, and poor morale. The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division. Borneo: 11,300, 6,700, (18,000) Of the country's total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. American military dead#^BF1, The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany. Aufl., 1. The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. The Germans managed to hold a large bridgehead (the Colmar Pocket), on the western bank of the Rhine and centered around the city of Colmar. Facts concerning the problem of the German expellees and refugees, Bonn 1967. The Red Ball Express, the Allied trucking effort, was simply unable to transport enough supplies from the port facilities in Normandy all the way to the front line, which by September, was close to the German border. Germans played for time in Reims. [1] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of "Total War" on the world's population. They listed 210,000 direct war casualties in the Netherlands, not including the. These figures include military dead of 30,000 Chinese from Taiwan and 22,182 Koreans. 14,072 dead while POWs), Wirtschaft und Statistik November 1949 pp. universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). Lesser Sundas: 51,800, 1,200, (53,000) pp. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. (1993). U.S. Approximately 150,000 Germans were able to escape from the Falaise pocket, but they left behind most of their irreplaceable equipment and 50,000 Germans were killed or taken prisoner. On 7 May at his headquarters in Rheims, Eisenhower took the unconditional surrender of all German forces to the western Allies and the Soviet Union,[44] from the German Chief-of-Staff, General Alfred Jodl, who signed the first general instrument of surrender at 0241 hours. On 6 June 1944, the Allies began Operation Overlord (also known as "D-Day") the long-awaited liberation of France. Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes. Army total 1,140,429 killed and 295,247 wounded. The official figures for military war dead and missing in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, p. 32, Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, available online at. With the fighting ended, the Germans began to consider ways of resolving the question of how to deal with Britain. pp. 43,110 Germans killed or missing, 111,640 wounded, no information is provided on any who were captured. [2] According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6million,[3][4] including 8 to 9million due to famine and disease. Page 202, "The Soviet-German War 19411945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay", US Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War 2: Final Report, "The final stages of the naval war in north-west Europe", "12th Army Group Situation Map for 18 April 1945", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Front_(World_War_II)&oldid=1128633092, Occupation of most of Western and Northern Europe by Axis troops, Fall of Nazi Germany (concurrently with the, Liberation of occupied countries in Western and Northern Europe, One was an opportunity taken by US forces when the Germans failed to blow up the, In the Allied 6th Army Group area, the US Seventh Army assaulted across the Rhine in the area between, Gootzen, Har and Connor, Kevin (2006). The 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Gtz von Berlichingen was located just south of the Loire in the vicinity of Tours. These figures included the losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. The principal belligerents were Russia and Romania (of the Allied and Associated Powers) versus the Central Powers countries of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. Bonn 1989 P.41 (100,000 during wartime flight; 200,000 in USSR as forced labor and 100,000 in internment camps), Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, Journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. [256] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000. Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead. [475], 4-The Effects of strategic bombing on Japanese morale Based on a survey of Japanese households the death toll was put at 900,000 dead and 1.3million injured, the SBS noted that this figure was subject to a maximum sampling error of 30%. In Operation Eclipse, the 17th Airborne Division, 82d Airborne Division, 101st Airborne Division, and a British brigade were to seize the Tempelhof, Rangsdorf, Gatow, Staaken, and Oranienburg airfields. [42] The British and Americans contemplated an airborne operation before the attack. The raid was a disaster, almost two-thirds of the attacking force became casualties. 1823, Mikhalev, S. N (2000). Mai 1974. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem. Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). In November, however, the German front snapped under the pressure, resulting in sudden Allied advances that liberated Belfort, Mulhouse, and Strasbourg, and placed Allied forces along the Rhine River. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23million less the net population transfers out of 3million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the, Polish sources put the number of refugees from the. ): Legenden, Lgen, Vorurteile. [392] English language sources put the death toll at 2 to 3million based on the West German government statistical analysis of the 1950s. Cuba lost 5 merchant ships and 79 merchant mariners died. The Hahn's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the losses. The Japanese Central Liaison Office reported in July 1947 to the Allied occupation authorities that Japanese military dead in 19351945 were 1,687,738 (1,340,700 Army and 347,038 Navy. Ministero della Difesa Edizioni 1986 (in Italian). 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. Regarding overall losses, they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 194445, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. Studies in Global Social History, 2010), p. 227. [45], This article is about the West European theatre. [147] Not Included in the figure of 210,000 war dead are 70,000 "indirect war casualties", They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. They estimated German casualties up until April 30, 1945, at 2,230,324 dead, 2,870,404 missing and POW held by Allies. Fighting began with Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway, in April, 1940. Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). 1939 Press Photo American Soldiers Honoring French WWII Casualties in Nantes . Bureau odszkodowan wojennych, Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. Presse- und Informationsamt. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. Stara Gradika was a sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children. This report (HMSO 6832) listed: The preliminary 1945 data for UK colonial forces was killed 6,877, missing 14,208, wounded 6,972 and. Estimated civilian deaths range from about 14 to 17 million. Bilanz der Forschung unter besonderer Bercksichtigung der Wehrmacht- und Vertreibungsverluste, in: Der Zweite Weltkrieg. [265] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3million.[266]. On the Eastern front, it was just the opposite; 5% of Germans taken prisoner by the Russians survived. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[236]. In addition, the war and genocidal policy were inextricably linked. Summary report (1947) Estimated that 252,769 Japanese were killed and 298,650 injured in the air war. Some 40 Irish citizens were killed by accidental, The Italian government issued an accounting of the war dead in 1957, they broke out the losses before and after the, Military losses in Italy after the September 1943. Detailed by country: Rummel estimates POW deaths in Japanese custody at 539,000. 3568. Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice); [147], List of human losses by participating country, Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces, Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a note World War II . Korea: 19,600, 6,900, (26,500) G. The demographic losses due to the reduction of 335,000 births and emigration of about 660,000 are not included with war casualties. Dtv, Neuauflage 1992. Some 40,000 Roma were murdered. In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); World War II was won on the Eastern Front. [473], 2-United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division (1947) The bombing of Japan killed 333,000 civilians and injured 473,000. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. Sources for total Chinese war dead are divergent and range from 10 to 20million as detailed below. In turn, it commanded three groups: the Wehrmacht Netherlands Command (Wehrmachtbefehlshaber Niederlande) or WBN, covering the Dutch and Belgian coasts and Army Group B, covering the coast of northern France with the German 15th Army (HQ in Tourcoing), in the area north of the Seine; the 7th Army, (HQ in Le Mans), between the Seine and the Loire defending the English Channel and the Atlantic coast, and Army Group G with responsibility for the Bay of Biscay coast and Vichy France, with its 1st Army, (HQ in Bordeaux), responsible for the Atlantic coast between the Loire and the Spanish border and the 19th Army, (HQ in Avignon), responsible for the Mediterranean coast. The names of U.S. 55, No. [nb 12] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered as separate theatres. It also includes foreign volunteers who died during their service in Finland and Finnish SS-men who died while serving in the German army. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. According to U.S. War Department figures, 18,745 American civilians were interned in the war (13,996 in the Far East and 4,749 in Europe). Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. Mai 1974. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947. 10 May 1945, Last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17, List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall, Western Front command tenures (World War II), Learn how and when to remove this template message, George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. After the war ended deaths at the hands of the Red Army and local Chinese population were 185,000 Manchuria, 28,000 in North Korea and 10,000 on Sakhalin and the Kurile islands. The following notes summarize German expulsion casualties, the details are presented in the flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union' and the Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans. 3133 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). Moscow, Nauka, 1993; S. N. Mikhalev, Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie, Krasnoiarskii gos. By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Von Rundstedt's divisions, which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' 280,000 men were taken prisoner. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. In the resulting battle, the city was taken, at a cost of 5,000 casualties on both sides, with an additional 5,600 German prisoners. Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. World War 2's Eastern Front From Stalingrad To Berlin In 48 Photos How The Eastern Front Decided World War II Published August 11, 2019 Updated August 20, 2019 The Nazis suffered 80 percent of their casualties on World War II's Eastern Front, the deadliest theater in the history of war. Military war dead reported by Rdiger Overmans of 261,000 are included with Germany. With its main thrust again through the Hrtgen Forest, the offensive drove the Allies to the Rur River, but failed in its core objectives to capture the Rur dams and pave the way towards the Rhine.