A gate can be extended to have multiple inputs if the binary operation it represents is commutative and associative. 2. The following image shows the truth table of the full . PDF. We use * to represent AND. [ 31 0 R] stream There are man y variations of this circuit: the one under consideration here is the 74151 eight-line to one line data selector . Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. The OpenLab is an open-source, digital platform designed to support teaching and learning at City Tech (New York City College of Technology), and to promote student and faculty engagement in the intellectual and social life of the college community. 27 0 obj `}Y_$ CySCc|Z1E8A"C]oqFD/$JZK2yU(+VO8/o 7 0 obj Students should become familiar with these characteristics. 25 0 obj Draw a truth table to verify the function. This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. h$#.Z{{zCNOnNOH2IId@cH@s;i~%4> endobj But if only one 31 0 obj Finally, we construct another circuit using 5V DC Power, 7408 (AND gate), 2 SPDT Switches and a ground. Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power 3 shows a CMOS inverter circuit. This interval of time is defined as the propagation delay of the gate. It is seen from the Fig that each gate has one or two binary inputs, A and B . AC noise is a random pulse that may be created by other switching signals. In part one, we used a NOT Gate and found the output voltage in two ways. Also show their logic symbol, use the function in an equation and show the Truth Table for one gate in each of the integrated circuits. Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. 2. Observe the output on a scope. endstream Logic gates are the heart of digital electronics. Construct the truth table for each gate. In simple terms, logic gates are the electronic circuits in a digital system. endobj Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill Gate. The results for OR Gate were different than NOT If we get 5V voltage we put true 1 and if we get 0V we put false Connect one of the inverters as shown in Fig. The NOR gate and NAND gate are universal gates. 33 0 obj Try it. For each gate: 1. [ 23 0 R] E-Book Overview. Fig. z, /|f\Z?6!Y_o]A PK ! Table 1 defines the 16 logic gates, shows logical symbol, behavior in symbolic logic, provides name, notes. We also investigated how simple counters can be constructed. You can see from Fig. Besides, there is no limit to the number of gates that can be used in a single device. Assistant Bioprocess Engineer. 19 0 obj I tested the output voltage of the breadboard circuits using the multi-meter, and ensured the results corresponded with the truth table of the logic gate tested. NAND and NOR are called universal gates as using only NAND or only Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill out the truth table. The power supply for TTL ICs usually is 5V. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. f?3-]T2j),l0/%b Logic Gates Lab Report Uploaded by: Prateek Chauhan January 2022 PDF Bookmark Download This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. <> You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The logical inputs of the truth table are applied and the corresponding output is noted. N _rels/.rels ( j0@QN/c[ILj]aGzsFu]U ^[x 1xpf#I)Y*Di")c$qU~31jH[{=E~ Logic gates, on the other hand, govern the flow of information based on a set of rules. The output depends on the input for each of the logic gates rules. the switches to the power and get a output voltage of 5V. outpute.A signal appears at the output only for certain combinations of the inpute signals. Under what input conditions is the output of a 2 input OR gate LOW? But if only one input is true 1 and the other one is false 0, then the output is false 0. <> <> In digital integrated circuits (ICs), we will find an array of the logic gate area unit. The Minimal Sets of NAND and NOR gates are most commonly referred to as Universal Logic Gates. These are the fundamental components of integrated circuits. The power supply for CMOS ICs ranges from 3V to 15V. And then we are going to investigate the circuits in order to fill out the truth tables verify according to the voltages measured. Thirdly, we connect both switches to the power and get 5V output voltage. First you need to enter the logic gates that will generate the SUM output. 5V DC Power Supply Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. Logic gates are an important concept if you are studying electronics. The truth table shows the inputs on the left and outputs on the right. This means that you can create any logical Boolean expression using only NOR gates or only NAND gates. MOS and CMOS, are based on field effect transistors. 24 0 obj gs](LC06o s,IOE}J3u , [o - 9!ww+U7y~b{Kk%F]=H0v 8e-fHd9]; U;qR;f-v_u}W[0W~ A universal gate is a logic gate which can implement any Boolean function without the need to use any other type of logic gate. 0)"1 ! In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1. Then we connected 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. might be. Theory: AND, OR, NOT are called basic gates as their logical operation cannot be simplified further. This laboratory report was done mainly for the study of the logic gates. Switch and a ground. G63hai"&KRj9it8sl! endobj <>/Font<>>>/BBox[ 0 0 108.69 17.73] /Matrix[ 0.66246 0 0 4.061 0 0] /Filter/FlateDecode/Length 239>> 5@!"bc!7-)0 ! What do you observe? Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. 3BBasic Logic Gates . Each gate has one or more input and only one output. we connected the switch to the ground we got a output voltage of 5V. a. October 2019. Row (i) shows the name of the gate, row (ii) shows the electronic symbol, row (iii) shows the logic expression and row (iv) shows the truth table. to analyze how a logic circuit works with different logic gates. You will then use logic gates to draw a sche- . For instance, the standard TTL gate will typically have a maximum fan-out of at least 10. Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. In part one, we used a NOT Gate and found the output voltage in two ways. People are most familiar with the ones that are named: NAND, NOR, AND, OR, XOR. We can compare how three logic gates were different in terms of their truth tables and output voltages. Most electronic devices we use today will have some form of logic gates in them. Suppose logic 0 is 0V and logic 1 is 5V, ideally. But For example, Ans: The output of the AND Gate will be low no matter what the other 2 input levels might be. To study the truth tables of various basic logic gates using Logisim 2. Mc Graw-Hill - Practical Electronics for Inventors [2011] - {Red Dragon}, Los sistemas y dispositivos analgicos procesan las seales variantes en el tiempo que pueden adquirir cualquier valor a lo la, Introduction to Digital Logic with Laboratory Exercises Introduction to Digital Logic with Laboratory Exercises, Operational amplifier: basic concepts and cookbook, Digital Electronics, microprocessor,power systems, FAMILIARISATION OF LOGIC GATES AND DIGITAL ICS, Fundamentals of digital logic with vhdl design stephen brown 3rd ed, Anil_K._Maini_Digital Electronics Principles_01.04.16.pdf, D Digital igital P Principles rinciples and and Logic Design Logic Design, Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog Design, Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) SYLLABUS OF COURSES TO BE OFFERED Core Courses, Elective Courses & Ability Enhancement Courses. A table which lists all variable inputs and corresponding output is called truth table. Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. There are various commercial integrated circuit chips available. cbo#\bf{8ve'sLl]1zx*wqwFDa0eN/o,&K_ 'YXw7EBP]$-ChEc tDPrj|^b#^klQ>{#Csv)Qw#"1/` ~LQTn :(oAH1zTp(~xu,S{I% Report DMCA. AND gate, OR gate, XOR gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XNOR gate, and NOT gate are the seven types of basic logic gates. 36 0 obj (2)The NOR gate:From OR and NOT gate. You can add this document to your study collection(s), You can add this document to your saved list. Learn more about accessibility on the OpenLab, New York City College of Technology | City University of New York, EMT Laboratories Open Education Resources, Lab 0: Digital Trainer and Troubleshooting, Lab 01: Schematic Diagrams and Electronic Testing Equipment, Lab 05: Universal Capability of NAND and NOR Gates, Lab 11: Introduction to D and J-K Flip-Flop, To exam a logic circuit and investigate the operation of the. stream @J'Ny, 12 0 obj . endobj The function implmented by AND gates has interesting properties: The function is symmetric. Strong operations professional with a Bachelor of Technology . Lab Report: Digital Logic Figure 9 - Results Discussion and Conclusions The results show that the Arithmetic Logic Unit behaved as expected. 5 0 obj Figure 4. Different logic gates are: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR They work according to certain logic. 2). Comment. First each of the logic gates were connected to the power and the ground one at a time. What are the Boolean expressions for the NOT, OR and AND gates? xm Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The truth table consists of three columns-two inputs and one output. Second theorem It states that the NOR gate isequivalentto a bubbled AND gate. The common ECL type is designated as the 10,000 series. %PDF-1.7 5 shows a two-input CMOS NAND gate circuit. This can be verified by using truth tables. 15 0 obj **VB\DCBXN'n"'qpD n)M(sJeE2qM(E#4[;7mX4ZY5|y*=-EdZL"+|9 !E#\w7hCCDf2IeCnf]!eoh &M1]@6+ lL&z #lX}p6>FzA8`rO:>AP)Tna CbQL:19]lM!1CZ"x 7+37 5 the switch to the power and got a output voltage of 0V. \bar{B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y=\overline{A+B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y= \bar{(A\bigoplus B)}\end{array} \), One of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced. <> It is made up of a p-type MOS transistor and a n-type MOS transistor. The truth table is used to show the logic gate function. fiberglass direct roving; geeni camera file format; 2003 silverado extended cab sub box; best charger for agm motorcycle battery; Test Post January 4, 2022. basic logic gates lab report discussion. Firstly, we construct a circuit using 5V DC Power, a 7404 (Inverter) NOT gate, SPDT Switch and a ground. endobj One of the most important contributing factors towards loading is the input capacitance of the following gate. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. Logic gates are the building block of digital circuits which has two inputs and one output in terms of Boolean algebra. Each logic gate implements a logic function such as the NOT (also known as the inverter), the AND, the OR and . and found the output voltage 4 times. The small circle on the output of the circuit symbols designates the logic complement. Whereas logic 0 as off Low state. Logic gates are used to carry out logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and give one binary output. Use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. Lab 2, Digital Logic Gates, investigates the behavior of six IC gates. Leave a Comment Cancel reply. Software bench-test for process sequences cleaning in place (CIP), sterilization in place (SIP) Preparation and review of valve . 0. +y_q~Eo9cW~k2wX}+.<9-heu+[8X^t B, i]|N1J.`sL=c 0ho" PrEyA~Y6/}[l"|9(:E9Q+ The function is . The former has a wide operating-temperature range, suitable for military use, and the latter has a narrower temperature range, suitable for industrial use. AND: The output of AND gate is true when the inputs A and B are True. And then we are going to endobj The TA will explain how to use the ADALM1000, solder-less breadboard, and CMOS logic chips. 7404 (Inverter) Observe and measure its propagation delay for both the rising edge and the falling edge (use 10x probe). <> 13 0 obj if VDD = 5V, its noise margin is 2V). 2638 Words11 Pages. Describe in your lab report each of their functions. 7432 (OR gate) Or do you know how to improve StudyLib UI? The logic gate, which gives a high output (i.e., 1) if either input A or input B but not both are high (i.e. 29 0 obj <> How would you connect the third gate input? These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. NAND, NOR and X-OR are known as universal gates. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 1 0 obj Procedure : 1. Abstract. ground and get a output voltage of 0V. Finally, we connect both of the switches to the power and get a output voltage of 5V. Procedure . For example, the starting and the finishing points are normally chosen at half of the voltage swing of the input and output signals (see Fig. Draw an input versus output curve with the input ranging from 0V to 5V. Connect logic gate on the proto-board. not sufficient to implement complex digital logic functions. What are logic gates? Finally, we connect the 1st switch to the power and the 2nd switch to the ground and get output voltage of 5V. The following logic families are the most frequently used. Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power and the 2nd switch to the ground and get 0V output voltage. Combinational logic requires the use of two or more gates to form a useful, complex function. Otherwise, the output is 0. Objective : To verify the truth table of AND gate, OR gate, NOR gate, NAND gate & NOT gate using NAND & NOR gate. The standard TTL gate will typically have a maximum fan-out of at least 10 terms, gates... 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